What is the correct basic BLS sequence for an adult patient who collapses in a dental practice?

• A. Check safety; approach; assess responsiveness; shout for help; check breathing and pulse; if no pulse, start CPR (30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths) and call emergency services; use an AED as soon as available; monitor and support until help arrives.
• B. Call emergency services first, then check for responsiveness.
• C. Begin CPR without checking pulse or breathing.
• D. Delay until the patient is clearly unconscious.

Answer: (A)

When someone collapses, the priority is to restore circulation and oxygen to the brain and heart as quickly as possible. Start by making the scene safe for you and the patient, then approach and assess whether the person is responsive. If there’s no response, loudly call for help to activate the emergency response system and get an AED as soon as possible. Next, quickly check if they are breathing normally and whether a pulse is present. If there is no pulse and no normal breathing, begin chest compressions immediately and follow with rescue breaths—performing 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. This cycle should continue until help arrives or an AED is ready to use. Apply and follow the AED’s prompts as soon as it’s available, delivering a shock if advised, and then resume CPR as directed. Throughout, monitor the patient and provide ongoing support until professional help takes over.

This sequence is the best because it coordinates safety, rapid recognition, prompt activation of help, and high-quality chest compressions with timely defibrillation, all of which maximise the chance of survival. The other options delay essential steps or skip critical actions, which would reduce the likelihood of a positive outcome.